In recent years there have been wide-ranging reforms to social security systems around the world as policymakers seek to balance financial sustainability with the goal of providing inclusive and adequate support for diverse populations. The International Social Security Association (ISSA) has tracked many of these reforms, analyzing developments and trends in the Americas, Africa, Europe, and Asia and the Pacific.                          

This article explores some of these trends, providing a global snapshot of developments across four prominent areas. The first section covers reforms that have sought to respond to population ageing by improving adequacy, addressing the growing need for long-term care services, and enhancing financial sustainability. The second section looks at efforts to promote universal social protection by extending coverage to difficult-to-reach groups and ensuring social protection at all stages of life. The third section explores ways governments have sought to adapt to labour market transformations, and in particular the rise of digital platform work. The final section highlights elements of several large-scale initiatives in selected countries that span multiple branches of social security. The reforms presented below were legislated or implemented between 2023 and 2025, in line with the ISSA triennium (programme and budget period). Many were introduced as part of larger packages of legislation, while others have focused on one programme or branch of social security. Further details on these and other reforms can be found in the ISSA regional reports on developments and trends in the Americas, Africa, Europe, and Asia and the Pacific (ISSA, 2023a, 2023b, 2024a and 2024b). 

Note: The developments described in this article were identified within the ISSA country profiles, complemented by a global scoping of statutory social security reforms that were legislated or implemented between 2023 and 2025. While every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy and completeness of the information presented, omissions may remain. Although the scope is limited to legislative reforms, much progress has also been achieved through non-statutory administrative measures and policies.

Responding to demographic shifts and population ageing

Demographic shifts, driven by factors such as declining fertility rates, increasing life expectancy, urbanization and migration, are transforming societies worldwide. Population ageing, while varying in intensity and speed across regions, is undoubtedly a major global challenge, often straining pension systems and health care services, while also shrinking the working-age labour force.

Population ageing places dual, competing pressures on social security systems, requiring policymakers to strike a careful balance to ensure adequate social protection. On the one hand, ageing populations drive increased demand for many benefits and services, including pensions and health and long-term care. On the other, rising dependency ratios raise concerns about the financial sustainability of social security systems and shrinking workforces constrain fiscal space and limit resources available for social spending.

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Recent reforms to address these challenges can be grouped into three broad categories: reforms to increase benefit amounts and accessibility; reforms to address the growing need for health and long-term care services; and reforms to enhance financial sustainability. Globally, 60 countries have undertaken reforms in one or more of these areas, including 20 in the Americas, seven in Africa, 15 in Europe, and 18 in Asia and the Pacific (see Figure 1 below).

Reforms to increase amounts and access to benefits

Many reforms responding to demographic shifts have sought to improve the adequacy and accessibility of benefits available to a growing population of older individuals.

To do this, many countries have increased benefits or adjusted benefit calculation for old-age pensions through reforms that establish or raise minimum benefit levels or adjusted the reference earning periods or maximum covered earnings used to calculate benefits. Algeria, Argentina, Bermuda, Burundi, India, Kuwait, Lithuania, Malaysia, Mexico, Panama, Qatar, Seychelles, and Uzbekistan have introduced reforms in these areas, while many other countries have legal requirements to review and adjust benefit amounts at regular intervals (UNESCWA, 2024; Argentina (Decreto 274/2024); Government of Bermuda; ISSA, 2023a and 2024a; Ministry of Social Security and Labour, 2022; U.S. Social Security Administration, 2024a; Ministry of Economy and Finance; 2025; Seychelles (S.I. 117 of 2023)).

Policymakers have also increased access to contributory pension benefits for individuals who do not meet minimum contribution requirements. Some countries have taken steps to credit contributions for periods of childrearing (Albania and Belgium) or providing long-term care (Ireland), while others have introduced the possibility of purchasable contributions (Iraq and Ukraine) (ISSA, 2024a and 2024b). Elsewhere, governments have introduced or expanded options available to workers who do not meet minimum requirements for a full pension: Argentina temporarily allowed all insured persons to purchase missing contributions, Peru has created a new proportional pension option, Saudi Arabia has increased the lump-sum payment available to these individuals, and the United Arab Emirates has introduced portability provisions to combine years of service in the public and private sectors (ISSA, 2023a and 2025a).

Alongside reforms to contributory pensions, many countries have introduced or strengthened social pension programmes that provide benefits regardless of contribution history. Globally, informality, labour market inequalities, and changes in employment patterns have meant that many people reach retirement age with little or no access to an adequate contributory pension or retirement savings, posing a challenge for policymakers that is compounded by the impacts of population ageing. To close this coverage gap, the British Virgin Islands, Colombia, Oman and Paraguay have introduced new non-contributory social pension programmes, while Algeria, Chile, Jamaica, Mexico, Nepal, the Philippines, Seychelles, and Viet Nam have introduced reforms to strengthen existing social pensions by lowering the pensionable age or increasing benefit amounts (British Virgin Islands (Public Assistance (Amendment) Act, 2024); U.S. Social Security Administration, 2024b and 2024c; ISSA, 2024a and 2025a; Paraguay (Ley Nº 7322/2024); Gobierno de Chile, 2025; JIS, 2024a). Uzbekistan has also increased social pension benefits alongside an increase to the pensionable age (Uzbekistan (Resolution No. 119)).

Reforms to address the growing need for long-term care services

Population ageing has significantly increased the demand for health and long-term care services, as older individuals are more prone to chronic illnesses, disabilities and age-related conditions such as dementia and mobility impairments. This shift places pressure on health care systems, leading to a greater need for hospitals, nursing homes, home care services, and trained professionals.

In this context, reforms in several countries have aimed to expand the availability and adequacy of long-term care benefits. Australia has introduced a major reform to streamline in-home services and ensure sustainability through targeted user contributions. Chile is in the process of developing a significant new integrated national care system, which will make care a fundamental right. South Africa’s newly created National Health Insurance Fund will integrate long-term care services into the broader health care system. Spain has launched a national strategy for a new model of care in the community, and Uruguay has guaranteed universal access to palliative care (Department of Health and Aged Care, 2025; Ministry of Social Development and Family, 2024; ISSA, 2024c; Solanki et al., 2024; Government of Spain, 2024). The British Virgin Islands and Slovakia have introduced new benefits for caregivers, while Austria and Germany have increased existing long-term care benefits (British Virgin Islands (Public Assistance (Amendment) Act, 2024); ISSA, 2024b).

Reforms to enhance financial sustainability

As population ageing intensifies pressure on social security systems, policymakers face the critical challenge of financing the growing demand for benefits and services. In response, countries across all regions have implemented reforms aimed at strengthening the long-term financial sustainability of their pension systems.

One means of approaching this has been to increase the amount of time individuals remain in the labour force before claiming pension benefits. To this end, Australia, the Kingdom of Bahrain, Barbados, Brazil, China, Czechia, France, Gabon, the Islamic Republic of Iran, Israel,  Romania, Seychelles, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Arab Emirates and Uruguay have increased or introduced new gradual increases to the pensionable age for men or women, or both (ISSA, 2023a, 2024a, 2024b, 2025a, forthcoming a and forthcoming b; NIS Barbados, 2023; U.S. Social Security Administration, 2025). Likewise, Barbados, Belgium, Brazil, China, Croatia, Cuba, Denmark, Ireland, the Kingdom of Bahrain, Micronesia, Peru, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates and Uruguay have introduced or expanded incentives for continued workforce participation after the standard or early pensionable age. Austria, China, and Qatar have tightened qualifying conditions to receive an early pension (ISSA, 2023a, 2024a, 2024b and 2025a; NIS Barbados, 2023; U.S. Social Security Administration, 2023a).

Countries have also sought to address sustainability concerns by increasing contribution rates. Australia, the Kingdom of Bahrain, Canada, Chile, Dominica, El Salvador, Grenada, Ireland, Kenya, Mexico, Panama, Qatar, Rwanda, the Republic of Korea, Spain, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, the United Arab Emirates and Venezuela have increased or are increasing mandatory employee and/or employer contributions to their contributory pension schemes, which include a range of social insurance, individual accounts, and occupational pension systems (ISSA, 2023a, 2025a and 2025b; U.S. Social Security Administration, 2023b, 2023c, 2023d and 204d; Gobierno de Chile, 2025; Ministry of Economy and Finance, 2025; U.S. Social Security Administration, 2025b). Other countries in all regions have implemented previously legislated increases, gradually raising contribution rates.

Figure 1. Statutory reforms related to population ageing, 2023-2025 (number of countries)

Information on earlier reforms concerning demographic shifts and population ageing can also be found in the following ISSA publications: Recent pension reforms in Asia and the Pacific (ISSA, 2025a), Pension reforms in East Asia (ISSA, 2025b), Long-term care services in selected countries of the Americas (ISSA,  2024c), and Social pensions in the Americas: Recent developments (ISSA, 2023c).

Promoting universal social protection

Promoting universal social protection is a key priority for countries in all regions as they work to strengthen economic resilience, reduce poverty and inequality, and ensure that all individuals have access to essential benefits throughout their lives. While the challenges policymakers face vary across and within regions, global trends in social security reforms highlight efforts to expand coverage to groups that are typically difficult to cover and to ensure access to comprehensive social protection across the life course. In recent years, 53 countries have introduced or implemented reforms in these areas, including 10 in the Americas, 13 in Africa, 15 in Europe and 15 in Asia and the Pacific (see Figure 2 below).

Extension of coverage to difficult-to-reach groups

Extending social security coverage to difficult-to-reach groups is essential for achieving universal social protection and reducing economic inequality. Many workers, including self-employed, informal, domestic and migrant workers, often lack access to essential benefits such as pensions, health insurance and unemployment protection, particularly under contributory social security schemes.

Self-employed workers are often difficult to cover under contributory systems due to their income structure and work patterns, as well as administrative barriers. Recent years have seen a continued effort to extend coverage to self-employed workers on a voluntary basis. Reforms in Bangladesh, the Emirate of Abu Dhabi (United Arab Emirates), Iraq, Lebanon and Qatar have extended voluntary coverage to these workers under new or existing contributory pension systems (ISSA, 2024a). Of these, the reforms in Bangladesh and Iraq have also expanded coverage to informal workers. In Morocco and Oman, self-employed workers were previously covered on a voluntary basis; as part of major reforms to the countries’ social protection system, coverage of these workers is now mandatory (ISSA, 2024d and forthcoming b).

Other countries have taken steps to reduce administrative barriers and streamline contributions that may deter self-employed workers from participating in existing systems. Reforms in Finland and Spain have adjusted the income base used to calculate contributions, while Algeria, Portugal, Saint Vincent the Grenadines, Tunisia, and Türkiye have introduced measures to simplify and/or improve the affordability of social security for the self-employed (ISSA, 2024b; UNESCWA, 2024; U.S. Social Security Administration, 2024d).

In addition to reforms affecting self-employed workers, governments have taken steps to extend coverage to other hard-to-cover groups, including domestic workers and migrant workers. In Argentina, Mexico, Romania and Switzerland, new policies have been implemented to incorporate domestic workers into contributory social security systems. This aims to provide greater economic security and formalization to these workers, the majority of whom are women (Ministry of Human Capital, 2023; U.S. Social Security Administration, 2022; ISSA, 2024e; OASI/DI Information Centre, 2025). Recognizing the significant presence of migrant workers in their populations, the Kingdom of Bahrain and Oman have introduced new contributory mechanisms to guarantee end-of-service benefits, strengthening the financial security of migrant workers upon leaving employment (ISSA, 2024d).

Additional reforms that have expanded coverage under specific branches, as well as reforms specific to platform workers, are outlined in the following sections.

Social protection across the life course

Countries in all regions are undertaking social security reforms to address evolving vulnerabilities and risks across all stages of life. These reforms align with a life-course approach, ensuring that social policies and programmes adapt to changing societal, economic, technological and demographic realities. In recent years, many countries have adopted reforms focused on introducing or adapting parental, family, and household benefits; unemployment protections; and health care systems to the different social and economic risks at each life stage.

Globally, many countries have introduced or extended benefits for parents following the birth or adoption of a child. Iraq, Jordan, Lesotho, Oman, Pakistan, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Sierra Leone, Tunisia, and Zimbabwe have introduced new maternity leave programmes, relaxed qualifying conditions, or extended existing maternity benefits (ISSA, 2024a; Lesotho (Labour Act, 2024); Rwanda (Law n° 049/2024); Sierra Leone (Employment Act, 2023); Tunisia (Loi n° 2024-44); Zimbabwe (Labour Amendment Act, 2023)).

In addition, there is a global trend toward enhancing support for new fathers and promoting a more equitable distribution of parental responsibilities. Croatia, Germany, Lesotho, Rwanda, Sierra Leone and Slovakia have introduced new paid paternity leave benefits, while Australia, Belgium, Ecuador, Malta, Portugal, the Republic of Korea, Singapore, Tunisia, the United Republic of Tanzania, and Uruguay have taken steps to increase the duration of paternity leave or shared parental leave benefits (ISSA, 2024b; Lesotho (Labour Act, 2024); Rwanda (Law n° 049/2024); Sierra Leone (Employment Act, 2023); Australian Prime Minister and Cabinet, 2024; Ecuador (Ley Orgánica del Derecho al Cuidado Humano, 2023); Lockton, 2023; Tunisia (Loi n° 2024-44); La Diaria, 2024).

Governments have also introduced or extended benefits for children, families and households. Reforms in the Kingdom of Bahrain, Cambodia, Denmark, Gabon, Morocco, Oman, Poland, the Russian Federation, Spain, and the United Arab Emirates have established or enhanced non-contributory cash benefits for children and families, while in the United States (US), Minnesota, Oregon, Utah and the District of Columbia have introduced new child tax credits (ISSA, 2024a, 2024b and forthcoming b; NCSL, 2024). Denmark, Germany, Morocco and Spain have moved to strengthen minimum protections for vulnerable people and households, notably for individuals and families with low incomes, and Canada has introduced a new social assistance disability benefit for working-age individuals (ISSA,  2024b, forthcoming a and forthcoming b; Government of Canada, 2025).

Unemployment benefits are essential for providing individuals with income security when they are unable to earn a regular wage. Yet globally, unemployment protection has the lowest coverage among all branches of social security (ISSA, 2022). In recent years, efforts have intensified to bridge unemployment coverage gaps and strengthen protection for vulnerable and hard-to-reach groups. Grenada, Iraq, Jamaica, Kiribati, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Singapore, and the United Arab Emirates are establishing new programmes to provide unemployment benefits for the first time (ISSA, 2023a and forthcoming a; JIS, 2024b; U.S. Social Security Administration, 2024d; Ministry of Manpower, 2024; EY Global, 2023).

Other countries are adapting their existing systems. Spain has taken steps to simplify and improve the administration of its programme, expanded coverage of certain benefits to younger individuals, and increased benefit amounts. Ireland has introduced a new wage-replacement unemployment benefit, replacing its previous flat-rate support, and Morocco is extending unemployment benefits through simplification and broadening of eligibility criteria (Government of Spain, 2023; Department of Social Protection, 2025; ILO, 2024).

Fostering universal health care systems that are responsive and adaptive to changing needs across the life course is a major priority for countries in all regions. Burkina Faso, Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa, the United Republic of Tanzania and Togo have begun the implementation of new health care systems which aim to cover the entire population. Other countries have expanded access to free essential healthcare services to new groups, including domestic workers (Romania) and young children and lower-earners (Ireland) (ILO, 2023; ISSA, forthcoming b; Solanki et al., 2024; Togo (Décret n° 2023-099/PR); Social Health Protection Network, 2023).

In the Middle East, where migrant workers often constitute a large percentage of the population, the Kingdom of Bahrain, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates have extended health insurance coverage to all non-citizen workers (ISSA, 2024e). In Croatia and Finland reforms have sought to improve affordability and quality through the consolidation of basic health services (ISSA, 2024d). Social security organizations are also strengthening their primary health care systems by placing an emphasis on preventive care and better management of chronic conditions, as in Argentina and the Dominican Republic (ISSA, 2023a; Dominican Republic (Resolución No. 581-01)).

Figure 2. Statutory reforms promoting universal social protection, 2023-2025 (number of countries

Information on earlier reforms promoting universal social protection can also be found in the following ISSA publications: Social security for the selfemployed in Europe: Progress and developments (ISSA, 2024c), Reforms in Africa to extend contributory old-age pensions to difficult-to-cover groups (ISSA, 2023d), Protecting families and supporting women – Gender-responsive practices in Europe (ISSA, 2024d), Recent health reforms in Europe (ISSA, 2024e), and Reforms in Africa to extend health insurance coverage (ISSA, 2023e).

Adapting to evolving labour markets

As labour markets evolve, social security systems must adapt to new forms of work, particularly the rise of platform work—jobs facilitated by digital platforms such as ride-hailing, food delivery, and freelance marketplaces, among others. Traditional social security models, which were designed around stable, longterm employment with a single employer, often fail to cover platform workers, who typically operate as independent contractors without access to unemployment benefits, pensions, or health insurance. Ensuring adequate, accessible coverage of individuals engaging in these new forms of work remains a challenge for policymakers in many countries.

Recent reforms in several countries have sought to address these gaps, though these initiatives are often limited in scope to one or two branches of social security. Mexico passed legislation recognizing platform workers earning at least the minimum wage as employees, extending work injury protections as well as mandatory coverage for pensions, health insurance, and maternity benefits (other platform workers are eligible on a voluntary basis) (Mexico (DOF 24/12/2024)). Singapore has recognized digital platform workers as a distinct and separate group and extended pension coverage and work injury insurance to these workers (ISSA, 2024a). The Islamic Republic of Iran extended coverage to platform-based freight and passenger transport workers not covered by pension insurance (ISSA, 2024a). Other countries and sub-national units have extended work injury protections (Belgium, Greece, Republic of Korea and Uruguay), paid family and medical leave benefits (the US states of Colorado and Washington) and unemployment benefits (Republic of Korea and the US state of Colorado) (ISSA,  2024a, 2024b and 2025c; Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare, 2024; Uruguay (Ley No 20396)). Discussions surrounding the extension of social security benefits are also underway in Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Malaysia, Pakistan, the Philippines and the Russian Federation.

Governments have also introduced legislation to reduce administrative barriers to adequate coverage. Serbia has moved to simplify its taxation and contribution systems for freelancers, including those performing online work. Finland and Spain adjusted the income base used to calculate contributions for the self-employed, including platform workers (ISSA, 2024b). To simplify compliance, Saudi Arabia has introduced a government-run portal for reporting flexible work contracts. Singapore has shifted the burden of contribution collection and payment to platform operators, and Kazakhstan is piloting a similar initiative (Saudi Arabia (Ministerial Resolution No. 153307); Ministry of Manpower, 2025; Kazakhstan (Order No. 33 of the Deputy Prime Minister)).

In addition to social protection reforms, many countries have sought to revise employment classification systems to better reflect the nature of platform work, which has been seen as a first step to ensuring labour and social security rights for these workers. In Europe, partly spurred by developments at the European Union (EU) level, such reforms have been implemented, or are underway, in Belgium, Croatia, Finland, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands and Spain, while Portugal has taken similar steps as part of larger labour regulations (ISSA, 2024b). Likewise, Australia, Mexico, the Republic of Korea, Singapore, and the US state of Indiana have established or revised legal frameworks for classifying platform workers, and similar legislation is being considered in Costa Rica and Peru (Fair Work Ombudsman 2025, Mexico (DOF 24/12/2024); ISSA, 2024a; State of Indiana (House Enrolled Act 1125)).

In total, 20 countries have undertaken reforms relating to social security and platform workers, as outlined in Figure 3, below.

Figure 3. Statutory reforms related to platform workers, 2023-2025 (number of countries)

Analyses of earlier reforms expanding coverage to platform workers, as well as further details about ongoing policy discussions, are available in previously published articles covering reforms in Europe, the Americas, and at global level (ISSA, 2023f, 2023g and 2023h). Summary information on social security coverage and labour protection for platform workers in various countries is available through the following online resource: Platform workers: Country measures summary (ISSA, 2025c).

Highlighting comprehensive and multibranch reforms

Several of the initiatives discussed above are part of larger, comprehensive reform packages. Notably, Iraq, Morocco, Oman and Viet Nam have undertaken large-scale policy changes to enhance the coverage and comprehensiveness of their social security systems.

In 2023, Iraq approved a major reform of its social security system for private-sector workers. The legislation introduced the country’s first unemployment and maternity benefit programmes, revised old-age pension rules, including earlier retirement options for long careers, and expanded coverage to the self-employed, family, and informal workers on a voluntary basis (ISSA, 2024d).

Morocco has continued with the gradual implementation of a major 2021 reform to achieve a more inclusive and integrated social security system by 2025. The reform includes the expansion of basic compulsory health insurance under an integrated framework (implemented in 2021-2022), the extension of family allowances and related benefits to new recipients (implemented in 2023-2024), increased access to contributory pensions to informal workers and the self-employed, and the extension of unemployment benefits (both to be implemented in 2025) (ILO, 2024; ISSA, forthcoming b).

In 2023, Oman approved a landmark reform to its social security system. When fully implemented, the new legislation will combine contributory and non-contributory instruments to reshape social protection in the country. Building on the earlier contributory system, the reform created several new social insurance mechanisms for public- and private-sector workers, which provide old-age, disability, and survivors’ benefits (implemented in 2023); work injury benefits (implemented in 2023); maternity and paternity benefits (implemented in 2024); and cash sickness benefits (to be implemented in 2025). The law also introduced new universal child benefits, universal old-age and disability pensions, and benefit-tested survivors’ benefits. It also reformed the means-tested family income support benefit (ISSA, 2024d).

In 2024, Viet Nam adopted a revised Law on Social Insurance to build a multi-tiered system. The reform broadens compulsory coverage, lowers the qualifying period for pensions, and offers new options for workers with shorter careers. It also extends social insurance maternity benefits to voluntarily insured women (including self-employed workers) and expands government-financed health insurance benefits to a wider group of beneficiaries (ISSA, 2024a).

Regarding population ageing, Belgium, Chile, Colombia, France, Ireland, Lebanon, Panama, Qatar have undertaken major reforms to their pension systems in recent years. These reforms have combined elements of the above trends, aiming to strengthen coverage, adequacy, and/or sustainability of these systems (ISSA, 2024a and 2024b; Gobierno de Chile, 2025; U.S. Social Security Administration, 2024b; Ministry of Economy and Finance, 2025).

Final remarks

In recent years, social security systems across the globe have undergone significant reforms aimed at responding to shifting demographics, persistent social and economic vulnerabilities, and the rapidly changing nature of work. Governments have taken meaningful steps to ensure sustainability, expand coverage, and enhance the adequacy of benefits, including for groups that have historically been excluded or under-protected. Notably, there has been a strong push to extend social protection to the self-employed, informal workers, migrants, and platform workers—populations whose participation in non-standard forms of employment has grown substantially in the past decade. Lessons from the Covid-19 period have contributed to these initiatives.

At the same time, reforms to traditional and emerging branches of social security – such as pensions, unemployment protection, maternity and parental benefits and long-term care – have sought to strengthen resilience and income security across the life course. Several countries have adjusted eligibility conditions, improved benefit levels, and introduced or expanded schemes to ensure broader access and inclusiveness. Efforts to address gender inequalities and to respond to the realities of an ageing population and rising care needs have also gained momentum, reflecting a more comprehensive and forward-looking approach to social protection.

These developments reflect recognition of the central role that social security plays in fostering social cohesion, reducing poverty, and promoting inclusive economic growth. However, the path ahead will require continued political will, sustainable financing mechanisms, and strong administrative systems to translate ambitious policy goals into practical, lasting impact. This includes administrative and management measures that turn policy into practice.  Critical challenges often emerge not only in the design of a policy, but also in the details of its implementation. Significant progress can be made through continuous improvement - iteratively refining and adjusting administrative practices to ensure successful policy impact. As countries continue to navigate global challenges such as climate change, technological disruption, and economic uncertainty, building robust, adaptive, and equitable social security systems will be essential to safeguarding the well-being and dignity of all people.

These challenges will be among the topics discussed at the upcoming World Social Security Forum, which will focus on the theme of shaping social security for a world in transition. Discussions during the World Forum will be underpinned by the ISSA’s forthcoming flagship report on global developments and trends in social security, which will draw on the above reforms and highlight innovations and good practices in social security from around the world. The World Forum will also solidify the programme of activities for the new 2026–2028 triennium, establishing priorities for the work of the ISSA in the years to come.

References

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Laws

Argentina, Decreto 274/2024, 2024

British Virgin Islands, Public Assistance (Amendment) Act, 2024

Dominican Republic, Resolución No. 581-01

Ecuador, Ley Orgánica del Derecho al Cuidado Humano, 2023

Kazakhstan, Order No. 33 of the Deputy Prime Minister

Lesotho, Labour Act, 2024

Mexico, Decreto por el que se adicionan diversas disposiciones de la Ley Federal del Trabajo, en materia de Plataformas Digitales (DOF 24/12/2024)

Paraguay, Ley Nº 7322/2024 que establece la pensión universal para las personas adultas mayores y dispone beneficios de acceso e inclusión

Rwanda, Law n° 049/2024 of 04/06/2024 amending Law n° 003/2016 of 30/03/2016

Saudi Arabia, Ministerial Resolution No. 153307

Seychelles, Social Security Act, Social Security (Benefits) (Amendment) Regulations, Statutory Instrument (S.I.) 117 of 2023  

Sierra Leone, Employment Act, 2023 (Act 15 of 2023)

State of Indiana (United States of America), Indiana House Enrolled Act 1125

Togo, Décret n° 2023-099/PR du 11 octobre 2023 fixant les conditions et les modalités d’affiliation et d’immatriculation au Régime d’Assurance maladie obligatoire (RAMO)

Tunisia, Loi n° 2024-44 du 12 août 2024, relative à l’organisation des congés de maternité et de paternité dans la Fonction publique et les secteurs public et privé

Uruguay, Ley N° 20396 Fijacion de los niveles minimos de proteccion para los trabajadores que desarrollen tareas mediante plataformas digitales

Uzbekistan, Presidential Decree of The Republic of Uzbekistan of August 12, 2024 No. UP-108

Uzbekistan, Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. 119 dated 23.03.2023

Zimbabwe, Labour Amendment Act, 2023 (No. 11)