In the world, the right to social security is one of the basic human rights, classified into the group of economic, social and cultural rights. This right is recognized in Article 22 (also mentioned in Article 25) of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) in 1948.

Throughout the process of protecting, building and developing the country, our Party has repeatedly affirmed Vietnam's development model, taking people as the driving force, center and goal of development. At the same time, we always affirm the important position and role of the human factor as a determinant of development.

Vietnam always takes people as the driving force, center, and goal of social security policy. In our country, the right to social security was first constitutionalized in the 2013 Constitution as a basic right of citizens. Specifically, Article 34 of the Constitution stipulates: "Citizens have the right to ensure social security". Thus, all Vietnamese citizens have the right to enjoy social security, regardless of gender, religion, belief, occupation, or social class.

It can be said that human resources are the most valuable asset and must be protected. At the same time, the highest goal of all socio-economic development policies is also for people, aiming to ensure security and an increasingly better life for people. Therefore, social security policy must be increasingly developed and expanded to serve as a better basis for people to benefit more and more from the country's development.

However, in reality the social security system in our country still has some shortcomings. Social security coverage is still low due to limited investment resources for social security. Therefore, priority must first be given to poor groups, disadvantaged and vulnerable groups, remote areas, and ethnic minorities...

Social security policies are gradually being approached based on people's right to security. In particular, the rights of women, children, the elderly, people with disabilities and vulnerable groups are better guaranteed. But due to limited resources, social security policy still does not ensure that all people have a minimum standard of living according to national standards.

According to assessments by international organizations, Vietnam is one of the countries with the fastest aging rate in the world, will enter a period of aging population in 2036 and a very old population in 2056. Socio-economic problems arise, putting pressure on the social security system.

In the coming time, our country will still face challenges in social security policy. First is the challenge of population aging. Vietnam has entered the phase of population aging since 2017 when the proportion of elderly people has accounted for 10% of the country's population. At the same time, the challenge of the "middle income trap" reduces resources for social security.

Vietnam becoming a developing middle-income country is an important opportunity and condition for the development of the social security system in the period 2021-2030. It is necessary to focus resources and have breakthrough solutions to maintain high and sustainable growth rates, improve growth quality, and increase the scale of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and GDP per capita. From there, there is a premise to implement a social security policy with a rights-based approach towards universal coverage as prescribed by the Constitution.

In addition, Vietnam is forecast to be one of the five countries most severely affected by climate change with many serious consequences for agriculture, farmers, rural areas and the whole country. Climate change is a huge challenge for Vietnam in socio-economic development, especially ensuring social security.

Faced with such challenges, in my opinion, it is necessary to promote the advantages of the golden population period as well as have appropriate socio-economic policies to protect, build and promote human resources. At the same time, develop and improve the social care system to meet the increasing service delivery needs of the people.

According to the General Statistics Office, for the first 9 months of 2023, the unemployment rate in the working age group is 2,28%, down 0,07 percentage points. Regarding employed workers, in the first 9 months of 2023, there are 51,2 million employed workers, an increase of 776 thousand people over the same period last year. Of which, the urban area has 19 million people, an increase of 321,6 thousand people over the same period last year; rural areas is 32,2 million people, an increase of 454,3 thousand people.

Vietnam Social Insurance said that by 2022, the number of people participating in social insurance in the whole country will be 17,5 million people, reaching 38,08% of the labor force in this age group. In particular, the voluntary social insurance coverage rate reached 3,18% of the workforce with more than 1,4 million participants, exceeding 0,68% of the target assigned to 2025 in Resolution No. 28-NQ. /TW. By September 9, the number of people participating in social insurance is estimated to increase by 2023 thousand people compared to 8.

Notably, according to Vietnam Social Insurance, the proportion of the population participating in health insurance develops sustainably every year, each year is higher than the previous year and always completes the target assigned by the National Assembly and the Government: in 2021, the health insurance coverage rate is 91,01% (exceeds 0,01%); In 2022, it will be 92,04% (exceeding 0,04%); In 2023, it is estimated at 93,22% (exceeding 0,02%).

Therefore, with limited resources and time, it is necessary to more specifically identify the subjects and content of social security policies to ensure effectiveness, focusing on the groups of subjects with the most urgent needs and those most affected. the most active, the most disadvantaged, the weakest in society.